Regenerative Dentistry and Stem Cell-Based Therapies: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Regenerative dentistry represents a revolutionary approach to restoring the biology and physiology of injured oral tissues using stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and novel biomaterials. Recent developments have shifted the paradigm of traditional treatment methods for oral diseases by introducing biological regeneration approaches to restore dental pulp, periodontal, alveolar bone, and craniofacial tissues. This review discusses recent progress in dental stem cell biology, tissue engineering approaches, biomaterials for tissue regeneration, and the application of stem cell therapy for biological tooth repair in regenerative endodontics, periodontal regeneration, and craniofacial tissue engineering. Also, the newest trends in stem cell exosomes, gene editing, organoids, artificial intelligence, and personalized regenerative medicine are presented. Despite many successes in this field, there are still issues such as safety, immune system compatibility, standardization, ethics, regulatory approval, and clinical practice that hinder its wide application. In the future, further development will be possible only through collaboration between researchers from different fields, clinical protocols, and clinical trials for creating safe and reliable methods. In general, regenerative dentistry is a promising field of modern biological medicine.