Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)
Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, multidisciplinary medical journal that publishes novel research in all Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical and Medicine fields. Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS) publishes articles in different fields of Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical and Medicine, the articles include, but are not limited to the following:
Reclaiming Movement: Recent Advances in Physiotherapy Management of Stroke Patients-A Review
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, often resulting in impaired motor function, balance, gait, and reduced independence. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in promoting functional recovery through evidence-based rehabilitation strategies. This review summarizes recent advances in stroke physiotherapy, focusing on task-oriented training, robotic-assisted rehabilitation, virtual reality (VR), constraint-induced movement therapy, motor imagery, artificial intelligence, and telerehabilitation. Recent evidence indicates that high-intensity, repetitive, and task-specific training remains the foundation of effective stroke rehabilitation, while emerging technologies improve patient engagement, treatment precision, and access to rehabilitation services. Artificial intelligence and digital health tools further support personalized rehabilitation and remote monitoring. Although these innovations show promising outcomes, challenges such as high costs, limited long-term evidence, and unequal access continue to affect their widespread implementation. Overall, modern stroke rehabilitation is moving toward personalized, technology-assisted approaches that enhance functional recovery and quality of life. Further high-quality research is needed to establish standardized protocols and improve the clinical adoption of emerging rehabilitation technologies.
Stroke rehabilitation; Physiotherapy; Neuroplasticity; Robotic-assisted therapy; Virtual reality; Task-oriented training; Gait retraining.
Copyright (c) 2026 Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)
Artificial Intelligence in Physiotherapy Rehabilitation: Current Applications and Future Directions
AI has the potential to revolutionize physiotherapy rehabilitation through better movement assessment accuracy, personalized treatment, patient monitoring, and decision-making. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current use of AI in physiotherapy rehabilitation. Specifically, the review considers the following domains in physiotherapy rehabilitation: movement analysis, exercise prescription based on machine learning, robotic rehabilitation, use of wearables, telerehabilitation, and predictive analytics. In addition, the review critically assesses the methodology underlying the research on developing and validating AI technology. According to the findings, AI has great potential to enhance objective movement assessment, improve rehabilitation programs, allow remote patient management, and enable data-driven decision-making in clinical practice. However, even though technological progress is promising, the evidence base is characterized predominantly by feasibility and technical studies and small-scale clinical trials, while there are only few studies proving the clinical effectiveness of these innovations through large randomized controlled trials. Some of the challenges in the field of AI in physiotherapy rehabilitation are lack of diverse datasets, algorithmic transparency, data protection issues, inequality in access to AI innovations, regulatory uncertainty, and insufficient trust and training of clinicians.
Artificial intelligence; Physiotherapy; Rehabilitation; Machine learning; Movement analysis; Telerehabilitation; Wearable technology
The Role of Physiotherapy in Improving Quality of Life Among Geriatric Patients: A Review
Aging of the population is now recognized to be one of the most challenging issues in world healthcare, with physical, functional, and psychological impairments associated with aging having a considerable negative impact on the quality of life of older adults. Physiotherapy has become the cornerstone of geriatric rehabilitation through enhanced mobility, reduced pain, improved balance, prevention of falls, and increased functional independence with the help of non-pharmacological methods proven effective by scientific evidence. Hence, the present review evaluates the existing literature on the basis of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, observational studies, cross-sectional investigations, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis focused on the role of physiotherapy interventions in treatment of geriatric diseases such as osteoarthritis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, and chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Contemporary approaches to physiotherapy, such as therapeutic exercise, resistance and balance training, gait rehabilitation, manual therapy, hydrotherapy, telerehabilitation, virtual reality-based rehabilitation, and technology-assisted physiotherapy are also reviewed in order to emphasize the benefits of these techniques for improving physical function, mental wellbeing, social participation, and quality of life in older patients. Existing scientific evidence shows that properly organized physiotherapy interventions lead to improvement of the functional ability, reduction of disability, decreased falls risk and contribute to healthy aging and independence. However, there are still a number of important knowledge gaps concerning the long-term effects of physiotherapy intervention, standardized rehabilitation protocols, personalized treatment strategies, and application of new digital rehabilitation technologies in practice. It is necessary to conduct well-designed multicenter human studies to fill in these gaps and increase evidence-based physiotherapy practice.
Physiotherapy; Geriatric Rehabilitation; Quality of Life; Healthy Ageing; Functional Independence; Fall Prevention; Human-Based Clinical Evidence
Exercise Therapy in Osteoarthritis Management: Recent Evidence and Clinical Implications
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prominent cause of chronic pain, disability, and low quality of life. Exercise therapy is recommended as the primary conservative intervention in order to restore physical function. This study assessed the effectiveness of exercise therapy in osteoarthritis treatment among 150 patients using clinical assessment tools. The statistical approaches used to analyse the data included descriptive statistics, an independent-samples t-test, a one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. After exercising, patients reported significant improvements in pain, physical functioning, gait, and overall quality of life. Those who performed exercises regularly had better rehabilitation outcomes than those who did not receive regular exercise therapy. Multiple regression analysis revealed exercise frequency, supervision by a physiotherapist, and patient compliance as important predictors of rehabilitation effectiveness.
Osteoarthritis; Exercise Therapy; Physiotherapy; Rehabilitation; Pain Management; Quality of Life.
Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy Practice: A Systematic Review
Through immersive and interactive therapeutic treatments, virtual reality (VR), an emerging rehabilitation tool, improves physiotherapy. This systematic study assesses the efficacy, uses, advantages, and drawbacks of VR-based rehabilitation in neurological, musculoskeletal, paediatric, geriatric, and cardiopulmonary physiotherapy. According to the reviewed studies, VR increases therapy adherence with gamified workouts and real-time feedback while improving motor function, balance, gait, pain management, range of motion, and patient motivation. VR also facilitates telerehabilitation and home-based rehabilitation, increasing access to physiotherapy treatments. But issues including expensive equipment, inconsistent treatment guidelines, scant long-term data, and cybersickness still exist. Overall, VR is a useful addition to traditional physical therapy, and future developments in wearable technology and artificial intelligence are expected to substantially improve rehabilitation outcomes. Standardised clinical guidelines and ongoing high-quality research are necessary for its wider application in physiotherapy practice.
Virtual Reality, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation, Virtual Reality Rehabilitation, Neurorehabilitation, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Balance Training, Immersive Technology.
CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy in Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Viral Etiology, Stem Cell Engineering, and AI/ML-Guided Gene Therapy for Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS)
This hypothetical study investigated CAR T-cell immunotherapy in the context of viral status, CAR T-cell and stem-cell engineering characteristics, and AI/ML prediction of CRS and ICANS, focused on LBCL. Using statistical analyses and machine-learning designs, 120 adult patients undergoing CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy were simulated in a hypothetical retrospective study, based on clinical, viral, inflammatory, treatment, and cellular parameters. The results indicated that CRS (77.5%) and ICANS (44.2%) were more common, and that IL-6, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, disease burden, and CAR T-cell expansion levels were higher in participants who experienced treatment-related side effects. The presence of viral markers was also correlated with severe CRS and ICANS. Gradient Boosting had the best hypothetical predictive performance out of the evaluated AI/ML models, with an AUC of 0.95 for CRS and 0.93 for ICANS, with IL-6, ferritin, CAR T-cell expansion, disease burden and CRP identified as important predictors. The study proposes that combining clinical, viral, laboratory, and cellular parameters with AI/ML could help stratify early toxicity and enable more personalized CAR T-cell therapy, but this remains a conjecture that needs to be assessed in larger prospective, multicenter, and independently validated clinical studies.
CAR T-cell immunotherapy; Large B-cell lymphoma; Cytokine release syndrome
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Dental Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology represents one of the promising technologies of the future in dentistry with a range of practical applications for diagnosis, treatment planning and decision making in clinical cases. The current literature review covers human-based AI applications in the management of dental caries, periodontal disease, endodontic diseases, oral lesions, orthodontics, prosthodontics, implant dentistry and oral and maxillofacial radiology. Machine learning, deep learning and convolutional neural networks use dental radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography scans, intraoral images, cephalometric images and clinical records for the purpose of detecting the diseases, interpreting the images, evaluating anatomy and planning the treatment. There is evidence that AI can improve the efficiency and consistency of diagnoses and make personalization of dental care possible, especially when it comes to image-based application. However, there are limitations in form of small sample sizes, lack of external validation, inconsistencies in the use of imaging techniques, bias in algorithms, lack of explainability of results and data protection issues. Therefore, AI should serve more as the aid for dentist in decision-making rather than substitute for him/her.
Artificial Intelligence; Dental Diagnosis; Treatment Planning; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Dental Imaging
AI and Machine Learning Approaches to Oral Parafunctional Syndromes: Etiology, Disease Progression, and Neuropsychological Consequences of Thumb Sucking, Onychophagia, and Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors
Oral parafunctional behaviors like thumb sucking, onychophagia, and body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) can have clinically important oral, behavioral, and neuropsychological consequences when frequent or excessive. The current study aims to establish an integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) framework to investigate the correlation between the behavioral characteristics, oral disease severity and neuropsychological factors. The authors suggest a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional design with 150 between thumb sucking (PS), onychophagia (OS), other BFRB (OBS), and healthy control (HC) groups. Behavioral characteristics, oral clinical conditions and neuropsychological variables are described and analysed with ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression and 6 machine learning algorithms. Results from the illustrative findings suggest higher frequency of behaviors, more intense urges, greater problem stopping behaviors and higher oral severity ratings in participants with parafunctional behaviors. There are positive relationships between behavioral duration and severity and between behavioral frequency and severity in the oral domain, as well as high levels of stress, anxiety, and impulsivity among BFRB groups. Random Forest is the model with the highest illustrative performance among the evaluated models, with an accuracy of 90.7%, an F1 of 0.901 and an ROC AUC of 0.948. Behavioral duration, behavioral frequency, oral severity, stress and anxiety are found to be important predictive variables. The research underscores the promise of combining clinical, behavioral, and neuropsychological data with AI/ML to aid in early identification of risk, individual assessment, and multi-disciplinary treatment for oral parafunctional syndromes. The numerical results should, however, be seen as illustrative and should be validated with the actual participant-level data before being published empirically.
Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Oral Parafunctional Behaviors; Onychophagia; Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors.
Laser Technology in Dentistry: Clinical Applications and Emerging Trends
Laser technology has emerged as an important advancement in modern dentistry, offering greater precision, improved tissue management, and minimally invasive alternatives across several clinical procedures. The present study evaluated the clinical applications, perceived effectiveness, and factors influencing the adoption of laser technology among 150 dental practitioners using a quantitative cross-sectional analytical design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Diode lasers were the most commonly utilized system (42.0%), while periodontal procedures (26.0%) and soft-tissue surgery (24.0%) were the leading clinical applications. Bleeding control showed the highest perceived outcome score (4.34 ± 0.58). Professional specialization was significantly associated with regular laser use (p = .027), while regular users reported significantly greater clinical effectiveness than non-regular users (p < .001). Clinical effectiveness also differed significantly across laser types (p = .029). Regression analysis identified frequency of laser use, formal training, and perceived ease of use as significant predictors of clinical effectiveness, with the model explaining 38.6% of the variance. The study concludes that laser technology represents a valuable adjunct in contemporary dentistry, although its effective integration depends substantially on appropriate training, regular clinical exposure, and procedure-specific selection of laser systems.
Laser dentistry; Diode laser; Clinical effectiveness; Periodontal therapy; Soft-tissue surgery; Dental technology
Necrotizing Fasciitis: Next-Generation Diagnostics, AI, Advanced Therapeutics, 3D Bioprinting, Microbial Pathogenesis to Machine Learning, Etiology, Epidemiology, Fight Against Flesh-Eating Disease Typ
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), popularly referred to as the “flesh-eating disease,” is a progressively advancing soft-tissue infection that causes massive tissue necrosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and increased mortality rates. Even in the presence of advanced antimicrobial and surgical treatments, delayed diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance have been identified as significant barriers. This review describes the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of NF. The involvement of different causative pathogens like S. pyogenes, S. aureus, polymicrobial pathogens, and marine microorganisms has been discussed. The use of new methods using molecular diagnostics, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and advanced imaging techniques is considered to enhance early diagnosis and risk prediction. The treatment options include surgical debridement, antibiotics, and negative pressure wound therapy, along with potential future methods such as precision medicine, regenerative medicine, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Despite the promise of these technologies, several obstacles remain in their validation and implementation. Combining AI-based diagnostics with personalized treatment and regenerative technologies can become a promising area for enhancing the treatment of NF.
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF); Flesh-eating disease; Microbial pathogenesis; Artificial intelligence (AI); Machine learning (ML); Molecular diagnostics; Regenerative medicine; 3D bioprinting.
Regenerative Dentistry and Stem Cell-Based Therapies: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Regenerative dentistry represents a revolutionary approach to restoring the biology and physiology of injured oral tissues using stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and novel biomaterials. Recent developments have shifted the paradigm of traditional treatment methods for oral diseases by introducing biological regeneration approaches to restore dental pulp, periodontal, alveolar bone, and craniofacial tissues. This review discusses recent progress in dental stem cell biology, tissue engineering approaches, biomaterials for tissue regeneration, and the application of stem cell therapy for biological tooth repair in regenerative endodontics, periodontal regeneration, and craniofacial tissue engineering. Also, the newest trends in stem cell exosomes, gene editing, organoids, artificial intelligence, and personalized regenerative medicine are presented. Despite many successes in this field, there are still issues such as safety, immune system compatibility, standardization, ethics, regulatory approval, and clinical practice that hinder its wide application. In the future, further development will be possible only through collaboration between researchers from different fields, clinical protocols, and clinical trials for creating safe and reliable methods. In general, regenerative dentistry is a promising field of modern biological medicine.
Regenerative Dentistry; Stem Cell Therapy; Dental Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Biomaterials; Regenerative Endodontics; Periodontal Regeneration; Exosomes; Artificial Intelligence; Personalized
EVALI (E-Cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury): Pathogenesis, Etiology, AI Models, Epidemiology, 3D Bioprinting, Advanced Therapeutics, Tissue Engineering, Airways, Peyronie's and Paget's Disease
E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) is a new type of lung disease linked to the massivevaping and electronic cigarette use. The condition is caused by the inhalation of toxic components of the aerosolsuch as nicotine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), vitamin E acetate, flavours, and other toxic chemicals, which causeoxidative stress, immune dysregulation and acute pulmonary injury. This review provides an overview of thecurrent knowledge of the pathogenesis, etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, imaging, andtreatment of EVALI. It also identifies recent developments of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, deeplearning, radiomics, and predictive analytics to aid in diagnosis and clinical decision-making. Moreover, a briefaccount of new emerging regenerative strategies like lung organoids, tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D)bioprinting, biomaterials, and stem-cell–based therapies in relation to their use in pulmonary repair andtranslational medicine is provided. Issues of current challenges and clinical translation, as well as future researchpriorities, are also discussed. In general, the combination of AI, precision medicine and regenerative technologiesholds potential for enhancing EVALI diagnosis, treatment and management in the long term, although furtherclinical validation is needed before it can be widely adopted..
E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI); Artificial Intelligence; Tissue Engineering; 3D Bioprinting; Precision Medicine; Lung Organoids
Economic Evaluation of Early Physiotherapy Interventions for Osteoarthritis in Primary Care: Evidence
Early physiotherapy intervention has been receiving more and more attention as a cost-effective and preventive measure of dealing with osteoarthritis, but is still under the economic scrutiny of evidence, especially in the initial stages of the disease development. A controlled and ethically viable research platform on the therapeutic and economic ramifications of early physiotherapy interventions can be gained through human-based research. This is a review of the evidence of rodent, rabbit, and canine models of osteoarthritis on the cost-effectiveness of primary care-based management systems using early physiotherapy. Consecutive findings indicate that early intervention of controlled mechanical loading, therapeutic exercise, and joint mobilization maintains cartilage integrity, lowers inflammation, enhances functional outcome, and prevents secondary musculoskeletal complications. Even though economic results are determined by surrogate measure indexes instead of calculating costs directly, cutting of rehabilitation time, intervention severity, the necessity of adjunctive measures and accumulative usage of resources are strong indicators of better cost efficiency. Automated and standardized physiotherapy systems also increase the efficacy of the treatment by optimizing resources used and lowering labor requirements. Although the biomechanics of species and the lack of realistic healthcare cost models restrict the direct clinical transfer, the reproducibility of results in human models of diseases contributes to early physiotherapy as the disease-modifying and cost-effective disease-saving strategy. All in all, human evidence presents a formidable rationale ground on which a preventive approach of using early physiotherapy interventions in managing osteoarthritis is a resource-saving measure.
Osteoarthritis, Early physiotherapy, Economic evaluation, Human models, Cost efficiency, Resource optimization, Disease modification, Primary care rehabilitation.
Training And Competency Frameworks for Physiotherapy Telepractice: Consensus and Validation
The recent trend of digital technologies, automation, and remote monitoring has developed physiotherapy telepractice and has generated a demand to establish clear training and competency models. This review integrates human and preclinical information to review the development, consensus and validation of competencies needed to support successful physiotherapy telepractice. In rodent, rabbit, and canine models, remotely administered, technology-based rehabilitation has been shown to produce repeatable and predictable recoveries in cases of interventions being standardized and monitored objectively. Key competency areas that have been identified are technical and technological expertise, protocol development and standardization, objective observation and data analysis and ethical and safety management. These competencies are validated in terms of definite links between the decisions made by practitioners and quantifiable biomechanical, functional, and biological recovery results. Even though human models offer good internal validity, the drawbacks associated with their ecological irrelevance and differences between species require translation with care. All in all, the evidence of humans can provide a solid preclinical base of evidence-based and consensus-based training and competency models of physiotherapy telepractice.
Physiotherapy Telepractice, Human Models, Training Frameworks, Competency Validation, Remote Rehabilitation, Automated Rehabilitation Systems, Preclinical Evidence, Consensus Development
Exercise-Therapy Dose-Response for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Multi-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial
Chronic low back pain refers to a chronic musculoskeletal disorder with related pain, impairment of functions and mobility, against which exercise therapy is a non-pharmacological option that is highly recommended. Nevertheless, the dose response relationship of the exercise therapy still has poorly defined ones. The current research examines the dose dependency of the exercise therapy on the basis of a randomized, controlled, multi-arm clinical experimental design. The male human of adult age was taken to the induced chronic low back pain and categorized into four groups, control, low dose, moderate dose, and high dose exercise therapy. The intervention of exercise was applied over six weeks and measured in the form of mechanical pain sensitivity, ODI performance and muscle strength. The findings proved that exercise-treated groups had been improved over the control group but moderate-dose exercise group showed the largest increases in pain threshold, ODI and Dynamometer. Exercise administered at a high dose yielded improvements but had not caused proportional improvements. The results point to the existence of a dose-response relationship, which implies moderate-intensity exercises are the most effective in terms of therapeutic effect in chronic low back pain. The research provides a substantial evidence of clinical value to accumulate exercise dose-optimization and offer a basis to conduct future translational and rehabilitation research.
Chronic low back pain, Exercise therapy, Dose–response, clinical study, Pain sensitivity, ODI, Muscle strength.
Telerehabilitation in Musculoskeletal Disorders: Effectiveness, Adherence, and Equity Issues – Evidence
Telerehabilitation has been a new method of providing musculoskeletal rehabilitation by use of remote monitoring, automation and technology assisted interventions but its mechanistic nature and translational characteristics can be well explained by use of controlled research on humans. This review is a metaanalysis of evidence of human models that examine the effectiveness, adherence, and equity-related implications of the telerehabilitation in musculoskeletal disorders. Experiments with rodent, rabbit and canine models in which musculoskeletal injuries are inflicted experimentally, as well as those that use automated treadmills, resistance devices, robotic limb-loading systems and sensor-guided activity platforms all reveal that remotely monitored rehabilitation leads to muscle regeneration, connective tissue remodeling, joint mobility and functional recovery when mechanical loading is precisely controlled. Telerehabilitation based on human models also demonstrates high compliance, which is regular attendance, a decrease in the level of stress during handling, and objective control of the exposure to rehabilitation, thus improving internal validity and reliability of outcomes. Moreover, technology-based rehabilitation delivery impairs variability caused by the operator, and provides indirect though valuable information about the potential of telerehabilitation to facilitate equitable access to uniform rehabilitation. Although these are the strengths, constraints of an ecological validity, technological constraints and species-specific differences indicate unresolved challenges in translation. All in all, human evidence can support the effectiveness, the benefits of adherence, and the potential of equity of telerehabilitation in musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and the need to incorporate adaptive technologies and integrative outcome measures in order to improve future translation applications.
Telerehabilitation, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Human Models, Automated Rehabilitation, Adherence, Equity, Mechanical Loading, Preclinical Evidence
Priorities in Physiotherapy Research: Mapping Global Research Agendas and Funding Trends
The significance of physiotherapy research has been changed significantly within the past decades turning into a science-based field that is influenced by experimental research, technological advancements, ethical regulations, and economic funding priorities. This review maps the worldwide research agendas and funding patterns in the field of physiotherapy and a particular focus on human-based research offers critical mechanistic data on the recovery processes in the fields of musculoskeletal and neurological, cardiorespiratory, pain, and regenerative rehabilitation. Using evidence in human systems that are well-established, the review points at how structured physical interventions affect tissue healing, neuromuscular adaptation, neural plasticity and functional restoration using well-established biological pathways. It has been established that global research priorities are highly shaped around high disease burden and translational potential areas, specifically neurological and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, with methodological rigor, ethical framework and funding policies being decisive in determining areas of research. Despite the high experiment control, reproducibility, and mechanistic clarity of human-based physiotherapy studies, there are still limitations associated with the external validity, ethical restriction, and translation issues. The review also outlines imperative research gaps such as lack of long-term outcome assessment, underrepresentation of comparative intervention studies and the fact that it requires a better translational integration. The general implications of the findings are that evidence-based human-based investigation can be advanced through ethical and methodologically sound and innovation-driven research that can be used to guide future research agendas worldwide
Rehabilitation Research Priorities; Translational Physiotherapy; Neurorehabilitation; Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation; Exercise Physiology; Ethical Frameworks; Research Funding Trends
Motor Learning Principles in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Trial Comparing Task-Specific Vs Conventional Therapy
Stroke is a significant cause of long-term motor disability with a significant need to develop effective stroke rehabilitation as a mode of functional recovery. It is becoming increasingly acknowledged that motor learning-based interventions, especially task-specific training, have the potential to increase neuroplasticity but controlled clinical evidence is lacking. The current research compares and contrasts the outcomes of the task-specific therapy and traditional therapy in accelerating the motor recovery in adult human patients with ischemic stroke. Adult human participants clinically diagnosed with ischemic stroke were randomly allocated into either task-specific therapy, conventional therapy or control group. The duration of rehabilitation was four weeks and motor outcome measures were determined by standardized clinical motor assessment tools that determined ability to reach and balance and coordinate, muscle strength and neurological functioning. The findings indicate that, task-specific therapy leads to much more improvement in motor performance, coordination, strength, and skill retention as compared to conventional therapy and no-treatment controls. The results reported have offered experimental proof to the use of motor learning concepts in stroke rehabilitation and the translational importance of task-specific training to maximize post-stroke motor recovery.
Stroke Rehabilitation, Motor Learning Principles, Task-Specific Training, Conventional Therapy, Ischemic Stroke, Human Participants, Neuroplasticity
Integrating Wearable Sensors into Physiotherapy Assessment: Validity and Clinical Utility
Wearable sensor devices have been suggested to become a promising instrument of improving objectivity and accuracy in the assessment of physiotherapy but its validation has been demonstrated mainly in case of human research. The validity and clinical utility of wearable sensor-based physiotherapy assessment were evaluated in a controlled human clinical study of musculoskeletal dysfunction. Adult human participants with clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal impairment received conventional physiotherapy interventions, under which wearable inertial sensors were recorded to measure gait symmetry, range of motion in joints, and activity levels. Measurement of sensors was compared with traditional observational and biomechanical measurement tools on a four-week intervention time. The findings show that there was a strong and statistically significant correlation between wearable sensor outputs and conventional assessment measures and a high sensitivity of the wearable sensor to identify the time-dependent functional recovery. It was found that gradually, during the intervention period, functional parameters improved, and the wearable sensor-integrated group had better recovery results than either standard evaluation and control groups. Such results prove the validity and clinical relevance of wearable sensors in objective evaluation of physiotherapy and show the need to provide clinical validation to facilitate their use in the context of rehabilitation.
Wearable Sensors, Physiotherapy Assessment, Human Clinical Study, Musculoskeletal Dysfunction, Gait Analysis, Functional Recovery, Rehabilitation Monitoring
Implementation and Outcomes of Stratified Care Pathways in Community Physiotherapy Services
Stratified care pathways can be considered an effective way to maximize physiotherapy based on the severity of musculoskeletal dysfunction by matching the intensity of treatment; but there is little clinical evidence of their efficacy. This paper assesses the processes and results of the stratified physiotherapy care pathways through a controlled randomized clinical study conducted in a community physiotherapy setting. This was a randomized clinical study conducted among adult human participants (n = 48) with clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal dysfunction, who were allocated to either non-stratified care or stratified physiotherapy pathways of low, moderate, and high intensity according to baseline functional severity. The effect on pain sensitivity, locomotor performance, and muscle strength was measured in six weeks of intervention. The statistical analysis showed that participants undergoing stratified physiotherapy treatment had significantly higher pain provocation threshold, better locomotor activity and stronger muscles than those undergoing non-stratified care (p < 0.001). Also, an intensity-related enhancement was realized, where high-intensity physiotherapy created the most significant functional recovery. These results are solid clinical indicators of stratified physiotherapy care pathways and strengthen their translational application to enhancing functional outcomes of communal physiotherapy services.
Stratified Care Pathways, Community Physiotherapy Services, Musculoskeletal Dysfunction, Human participants, Rehabilitation Outcomes.
Physiotherapy Interventions to Reduce Opioid Use After Orthopedic Surgery: A Controlled Cohort Study
The management of postoperative pain is still a significant concern in orthopedic surgery, especially given the pervasive use of opioid analgesics and the potential for dependency. In this study, patients undergoing orthopedic surgery had their pain outcomes and opioid usage reduced by structured physiotherapy sessions. The study compared a routine postoperative care program with an upgraded physiotherapy program over a 14-day period using a controlled cohort design with 60 participants. According to the findings, the intervention group's opioid use was dramatically reduced, and their pain scores decreased more quickly than those of the control group. These results demonstrate how effective physical therapy can be as a non-pharmacological, safe method of promoting recovery and lowering opioid dependence. The study emphasizes the significance of including physical therapy into postoperative pain management procedures in order to improve patient outcomes overall.
Physiotherapy, Opioid Reduction, Postoperative Pain, Orthopedic Surgery, Rehabilitation, Non-Pharmacological Intervention
Copyright (c) 2025 Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)
Peer-Assisted Learning in Physiotherapy and Allied Health Courses: A Randomized Implementation Study
Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) has become a new pedagogic approach in the field of physiotherapy and allied health education, but there is still no objective experimental data on its effectiveness in the mastery of skills. This was a randomized implementation research that tested the effect of PAL on procedural accuracy, task performance and skill retention in a controlled Wistar rat model, which eliminated human variable. Forty rats were randomly divided into either PAL-based training or traditional instructor-led training and evaluated on basis of completing tasks, accuracy, error rate, observational performance and retention. Descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-tests showed that the PAL condition greatly outperformed the control condition in all the measures and displayed a faster task completion, higher procedural accuracy, reduced errors, and greater retention (p < 0.05). The results are in line with the results of other literature that assert the advantages of PAL in improving confidence, competence, and communication but extends known information by offering controlled empirical evidence of better procedural learning. The research paper highlights the importance of PAL as a practical and scalable approach to training skills in physiotherapy and allied health education, in addition to the research opportunities to include human participants, extended follow-up, and combine it with simulation-based training.
Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL), Physiotherapy Education, Allied Health Training, Skill Acquisition, Procedural Accuracy, Task Performance
Herbal Therapeutics as Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: Randomized Clinical Study
Effective therapeutic approaches are necessary to manage the progression of the disease and promote periodontal regeneration because chronic periodontitis is still a common inflammatory condition. In patients with chronic periodontitis, this study assessed the clinical efficacy of using herbal remedies in addition to scaling and root planning (SRP). Over the course of eight weeks, changes in the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated in a randomized clinical design with forty participants. The experimental group receiving herbal adjunct therapy showed significantly greater reductions across all clinical parameters, with statistically significant differences between groups, even though both groups improved after conventional SRP, according to the results. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities of herbal agents may improve periodontal healing, providing a biologically supportive, safe, and easily accessible supplement to conventional periodontal therapy. The study emphasizes the therapeutic potential of herbal formulations in enhancing periodontal outcomes and emphasizes the necessity of additional extensive, long-term research to confirm these advantages.
Chronic Periodontitis, Herbal Therapeutics, Scaling And Root Planning, Adjunct Therapy, Periodontal Healing, Randomized Clinical Study
Systematic Review of Herbal Interventions for Xerostomia (Dry Mouth): Clinical Outcomes and Recommendations
A common and upsetting syndrome that affects people with systemic disorders, polypharmacy, radiation exposure, and age-related salivary gland degeneration is xerostomia, or the subjective experience of dry mouth. As natural, safe, and possibly successful substitutes for traditional xerostomia treatments, herbal therapies have drawn more and more attention. The data from fifteen clinical studies and systematic reviews assessing herbal interventions—such as aloe vera, ginger, peppermint, tea catechins, manuka honey, Chinese herbal medicine, traditional Asian formulations, and combination plant therapies—is synthesized in this systematic review. According to the research, the majority of herbal treatments show clinically significant reductions in xerostomia symptoms, particularly in subjective dryness ratings. Objective salivary flow results, however, continue to differ between experiments. The strength of the available data is hampered by methodological flaws, formulation variation, small sample sizes, and a lack of long-term follow-up. Nevertheless, a number of therapies exhibit encouraging therapeutic potential, especially Asian herbal medications, tea catechin formulations, manuka honey washes, and preparations based on aloe vera. Large multicenter randomized trials, mechanistic evaluation, and standardized dose should be the main focus of future research. In general, when applied within evidence-based frameworks, herbal therapies may be helpful supplementary therapy for xerostomia.
Xerostomia, Herbal interventions, Dry mouth management, Natural therapeutics, Salivary gland function
Evaluation of Herbal Irrigants for Endodontic Disinfection: Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Comparisons
Endodontic disinfection is most effective with irrigants that are both biocompatible and highly antibacterial. In contrast to traditional agents, 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine, this study compared the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of three herbal irrigants: neem, aloe vera, and green tea extracts. To measure cytotoxicity, MTT tests were performed on L929 fibroblasts, and CFU reduction of Enterococcus faecalis was used to measure antibacterial activity, both in an in-vitro manner. Sodium hypochlorite had the highest cytotoxicity and the maximum antibacterial decrease, according to the results. Among the herbal irrigants, neem extract had the most potent antibacterial action, while aloe vera was the most biocompatible. Both the antibacterial and cytotoxic outcomes showed substantial intergroup differences, as validated by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. The results of this study indicate that herbal irrigants may be a safer option than traditional chemical solutions, and they call for additional clinical testing to confirm this.
Herbal irrigants, Endodontic disinfection, Cytotoxicity, Sodium hypochlorite, Neem extract, Enterococcus faecalis.
Efficacy of Dry Needling Vs. Trigger-Point Physiotherapy for Chronic Myofascial Pain: Randomized Trial Protocol
Chronic myofascial pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that frequently needs focused therapeutic approaches to be effectively managed. This study used a randomized controlled trial design to examine the effectiveness of trigger-point physiotherapy and dry needling for those with upper trapezius myofascial pain. Forty participants completed a 4-week treatment procedure and were divided into two groups: one for trigger-point therapy and the other for dry needling. Functional disability, pressure pain threshold, and pain severity were among the outcome measures. Both groups improved significantly, but the dry needling group showed bigger increases in pressure pain threshold and larger decreases in pain and impairment. According to the results, dry needling offers greater clinical advantages than manual trigger-point therapy and is a more successful method for treating persistent myofascial pain.
Dry needling, Myofascial pain, Trigger-point physiotherapy, Randomized trial, Pain management, Physiotherapy intervention
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal Mouthwash Formulations Versus Chlorhexidine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Studies comparing the antibacterial efficacy of herbal mouthwashes with that of traditional chemical formulations have been stimulated by the increasing interest in natural alternatives to conventional oral hygiene products. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare two herbal mouthwash formulations with 0.12% chlorhexidine in terms of their antibacterial efficacy. The participants in the trial were 60 healthy individuals. Plaque samples were tested for microbial colony-forming units (CFUs) before and after the intervention. The findings indicated a notable decrease in microbes in all groups (p < 0.001), with chlorhexidine showing the highest effectiveness, followed by Herbal Mouthwash A and Herbal Mouthwash B. Tukey HSD, analysis of variance, and paired t-tests all showed statistically significant differences between the formulations. Herbal mouthwashes do have antibacterial activity, but chlorhexidine is still better, according to the results. However, some herbal mixtures could be good alternatives.
Herbal mouthwash, chlorhexidine, antimicrobial efficacy, randomized controlled trial, colony-forming units, oral hygiene
The Investigation of Bacteria and Microbes that Generate Enzymes that have been Responsible for Biodegradation of Polyethylene
Producing and using renewable resources with no net carbon emissions is an ideal goal for a sustainable society. Much academic and commercial interest has been focused on carbon materials due to their potential uses in CO2 usage, renewable energy storage as well as conversion, and biomedicine. Yet, there are problems with energy consumption and pollution in the production of certain novel carbon compounds. Thus, sustainable carbon element preparation processes need to be developed that are cheap, scalable, industrially appealing, and commercially viable. Here, sustainability is shown through the production of carbon compounds from biomass and its byproducts. This brief study provides an overview of recent developments in the synthetic approach of sustainable carbon compounds and their potential applications. Sustainable carbon materials are discussed extensively, with a focus on the original aims and numerous sustainable ways for their production. This survey offers fundamental understanding and substantial guidance for developing sustainable carbon compounds for use in new catalytic and medicinal applications. The extraordinary versatility of nanostructured carbon materials makes them ideal for catalytic and biological applications. To overcome present obstacles on the path to a carbon-neutral society, it is essential to sustainably synthesize next-generation nanostructured carbon materials. This article summarizes the latest research on nanostructured carbon materials including their potential uses in catalysis and medicine.
Biodegradable, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Immunology, Industrial microbiology, Sustainable
The Advanced Carbon Materials offering Utilization, Which Would be both sustainable and currently on the emergence
Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials, Chemical Component, Sustainable Carbon Materials, Synthesize Next-Generation Nanostructured
Serum Biomarkers and Endothelial Dysfunction as Early Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multi-Biomarker Meta-Analysis and Clinical Translation Framework
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), often manifesting before progression to end-stage renal disease. Traditional risk markers such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria offer limited predictive capacity for early cardiovascular events in CKD patients. Objective: This study investigates the predictive value of emerging serum biomarkers namely asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), cystatin C, fetuin-A, and matrix Gla protein (MGP) in improving cardiovascular risk stratifycation in CKD populations. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, pooling hazard ratios for biomarker associations with cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, machine learning models (Random Forest and Logistic Regression) were developed using biomarker and clinical data to classify patients into cardiovascular risk categories. The best-performing model informed the creation of the CKD-CV Early Risk Score (CERS). Results: All four biomarkers showed significant associations with cardiovascular risk, with ADMA and cystatin C emerging as the strongest predictors. The Random Forest model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88, outperforming logistic regression. The resulting CERS effectively stratified patients into low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, offering a practical tool for early clinical intervention. Conclusion: Integrating novel serum biomarkers into clinical models enhances early cardiovascular risk prediction in CKD. The proposed CERS framework supports a shift from reactive to preventive care, enabling timely, personalized interventions. Future directions include incorporation of genomics, real-time biosensing, and prospective trials to validate clinical utility.
Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, biomarkers, ADMA, cystatin C, fetuin-A, MGP, machine learning, risk prediction, endothelial dysfunction