Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)
Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, multidisciplinary medical journal that publishes novel research in all Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical and Medicine fields. Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS) publishes articles in different fields of Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical and Medicine, the articles include, but are not limited to the following:
Economic Evaluation of Early Physiotherapy Interventions for Osteoarthritis in Primary Care: Evidence
Early physiotherapy intervention has been receiving more and more attention as a cost-effective and preventive measure of dealing with osteoarthritis, but is still under the economic scrutiny of evidence, especially in the initial stages of the disease development. A controlled and ethically viable research platform on the therapeutic and economic ramifications of early physiotherapy interventions can be gained through human-based research. This is a review of the evidence of rodent, rabbit, and canine models of osteoarthritis on the cost-effectiveness of primary care-based management systems using early physiotherapy. Consecutive findings indicate that early intervention of controlled mechanical loading, therapeutic exercise, and joint mobilization maintains cartilage integrity, lowers inflammation, enhances functional outcome, and prevents secondary musculoskeletal complications. Even though economic results are determined by surrogate measure indexes instead of calculating costs directly, cutting of rehabilitation time, intervention severity, the necessity of adjunctive measures and accumulative usage of resources are strong indicators of better cost efficiency. Automated and standardized physiotherapy systems also increase the efficacy of the treatment by optimizing resources used and lowering labor requirements. Although the biomechanics of species and the lack of realistic healthcare cost models restrict the direct clinical transfer, the reproducibility of results in human models of diseases contributes to early physiotherapy as the disease-modifying and cost-effective disease-saving strategy. All in all, human evidence presents a formidable rationale ground on which a preventive approach of using early physiotherapy interventions in managing osteoarthritis is a resource-saving measure.
Osteoarthritis, Early physiotherapy, Economic evaluation, Human models, Cost efficiency, Resource optimization, Disease modification, Primary care rehabilitation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)
Training And Competency Frameworks for Physiotherapy Telepractice: Consensus and Validation
The recent trend of digital technologies, automation, and remote monitoring has developed physiotherapy telepractice and has generated a demand to establish clear training and competency models. This review integrates human and preclinical information to review the development, consensus and validation of competencies needed to support successful physiotherapy telepractice. In rodent, rabbit, and canine models, remotely administered, technology-based rehabilitation has been shown to produce repeatable and predictable recoveries in cases of interventions being standardized and monitored objectively. Key competency areas that have been identified are technical and technological expertise, protocol development and standardization, objective observation and data analysis and ethical and safety management. These competencies are validated in terms of definite links between the decisions made by practitioners and quantifiable biomechanical, functional, and biological recovery results. Even though human models offer good internal validity, the drawbacks associated with their ecological irrelevance and differences between species require translation with care. All in all, the evidence of humans can provide a solid preclinical base of evidence-based and consensus-based training and competency models of physiotherapy telepractice.
Physiotherapy Telepractice, Human Models, Training Frameworks, Competency Validation, Remote Rehabilitation, Automated Rehabilitation Systems, Preclinical Evidence, Consensus Development
Exercise-Therapy Dose-Response for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Multi-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial
Chronic low back pain refers to a chronic musculoskeletal disorder with related pain, impairment of functions and mobility, against which exercise therapy is a non-pharmacological option that is highly recommended. Nevertheless, the dose response relationship of the exercise therapy still has poorly defined ones. The current research examines the dose dependency of the exercise therapy on the basis of a randomized, controlled, multi-arm clinical experimental design. The male human of adult age was taken to the induced chronic low back pain and categorized into four groups, control, low dose, moderate dose, and high dose exercise therapy. The intervention of exercise was applied over six weeks and measured in the form of mechanical pain sensitivity, ODI performance and muscle strength. The findings proved that exercise-treated groups had been improved over the control group but moderate-dose exercise group showed the largest increases in pain threshold, ODI and Dynamometer. Exercise administered at a high dose yielded improvements but had not caused proportional improvements. The results point to the existence of a dose-response relationship, which implies moderate-intensity exercises are the most effective in terms of therapeutic effect in chronic low back pain. The research provides a substantial evidence of clinical value to accumulate exercise dose-optimization and offer a basis to conduct future translational and rehabilitation research.
Chronic low back pain, Exercise therapy, Dose–response, clinical study, Pain sensitivity, ODI, Muscle strength.
Telerehabilitation in Musculoskeletal Disorders: Effectiveness, Adherence, and Equity Issues – Evidence
Telerehabilitation has been a new method of providing musculoskeletal rehabilitation by use of remote monitoring, automation and technology assisted interventions but its mechanistic nature and translational characteristics can be well explained by use of controlled research on humans. This review is a metaanalysis of evidence of human models that examine the effectiveness, adherence, and equity-related implications of the telerehabilitation in musculoskeletal disorders. Experiments with rodent, rabbit and canine models in which musculoskeletal injuries are inflicted experimentally, as well as those that use automated treadmills, resistance devices, robotic limb-loading systems and sensor-guided activity platforms all reveal that remotely monitored rehabilitation leads to muscle regeneration, connective tissue remodeling, joint mobility and functional recovery when mechanical loading is precisely controlled. Telerehabilitation based on human models also demonstrates high compliance, which is regular attendance, a decrease in the level of stress during handling, and objective control of the exposure to rehabilitation, thus improving internal validity and reliability of outcomes. Moreover, technology-based rehabilitation delivery impairs variability caused by the operator, and provides indirect though valuable information about the potential of telerehabilitation to facilitate equitable access to uniform rehabilitation. Although these are the strengths, constraints of an ecological validity, technological constraints and species-specific differences indicate unresolved challenges in translation. All in all, human evidence can support the effectiveness, the benefits of adherence, and the potential of equity of telerehabilitation in musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and the need to incorporate adaptive technologies and integrative outcome measures in order to improve future translation applications.
Telerehabilitation, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Human Models, Automated Rehabilitation, Adherence, Equity, Mechanical Loading, Preclinical Evidence
Priorities in Physiotherapy Research: Mapping Global Research Agendas and Funding Trends
The significance of physiotherapy research has been changed significantly within the past decades turning into a science-based field that is influenced by experimental research, technological advancements, ethical regulations, and economic funding priorities. This review maps the worldwide research agendas and funding patterns in the field of physiotherapy and a particular focus on human-based research offers critical mechanistic data on the recovery processes in the fields of musculoskeletal and neurological, cardiorespiratory, pain, and regenerative rehabilitation. Using evidence in human systems that are well-established, the review points at how structured physical interventions affect tissue healing, neuromuscular adaptation, neural plasticity and functional restoration using well-established biological pathways. It has been established that global research priorities are highly shaped around high disease burden and translational potential areas, specifically neurological and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, with methodological rigor, ethical framework and funding policies being decisive in determining areas of research. Despite the high experiment control, reproducibility, and mechanistic clarity of human-based physiotherapy studies, there are still limitations associated with the external validity, ethical restriction, and translation issues. The review also outlines imperative research gaps such as lack of long-term outcome assessment, underrepresentation of comparative intervention studies and the fact that it requires a better translational integration. The general implications of the findings are that evidence-based human-based investigation can be advanced through ethical and methodologically sound and innovation-driven research that can be used to guide future research agendas worldwide
Rehabilitation Research Priorities; Translational Physiotherapy; Neurorehabilitation; Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation; Exercise Physiology; Ethical Frameworks; Research Funding Trends
Motor Learning Principles in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Trial Comparing Task-Specific Vs Conventional Therapy
Stroke is a significant cause of long-term motor disability with a significant need to develop effective stroke rehabilitation as a mode of functional recovery. It is becoming increasingly acknowledged that motor learning-based interventions, especially task-specific training, have the potential to increase neuroplasticity but controlled clinical evidence is lacking. The current research compares and contrasts the outcomes of the task-specific therapy and traditional therapy in accelerating the motor recovery in adult human patients with ischemic stroke. Adult human participants clinically diagnosed with ischemic stroke were randomly allocated into either task-specific therapy, conventional therapy or control group. The duration of rehabilitation was four weeks and motor outcome measures were determined by standardized clinical motor assessment tools that determined ability to reach and balance and coordinate, muscle strength and neurological functioning. The findings indicate that, task-specific therapy leads to much more improvement in motor performance, coordination, strength, and skill retention as compared to conventional therapy and no-treatment controls. The results reported have offered experimental proof to the use of motor learning concepts in stroke rehabilitation and the translational importance of task-specific training to maximize post-stroke motor recovery.
Stroke Rehabilitation, Motor Learning Principles, Task-Specific Training, Conventional Therapy, Ischemic Stroke, Human Participants, Neuroplasticity
Integrating Wearable Sensors into Physiotherapy Assessment: Validity and Clinical Utility
Wearable sensor devices have been suggested to become a promising instrument of improving objectivity and accuracy in the assessment of physiotherapy but its validation has been demonstrated mainly in case of human research. The validity and clinical utility of wearable sensor-based physiotherapy assessment were evaluated in a controlled human clinical study of musculoskeletal dysfunction. Adult human participants with clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal impairment received conventional physiotherapy interventions, under which wearable inertial sensors were recorded to measure gait symmetry, range of motion in joints, and activity levels. Measurement of sensors was compared with traditional observational and biomechanical measurement tools on a four-week intervention time. The findings show that there was a strong and statistically significant correlation between wearable sensor outputs and conventional assessment measures and a high sensitivity of the wearable sensor to identify the time-dependent functional recovery. It was found that gradually, during the intervention period, functional parameters improved, and the wearable sensor-integrated group had better recovery results than either standard evaluation and control groups. Such results prove the validity and clinical relevance of wearable sensors in objective evaluation of physiotherapy and show the need to provide clinical validation to facilitate their use in the context of rehabilitation.
Wearable Sensors, Physiotherapy Assessment, Human Clinical Study, Musculoskeletal Dysfunction, Gait Analysis, Functional Recovery, Rehabilitation Monitoring
Implementation and Outcomes of Stratified Care Pathways in Community Physiotherapy Services
Stratified care pathways can be considered an effective way to maximize physiotherapy based on the severity of musculoskeletal dysfunction by matching the intensity of treatment; but there is little clinical evidence of their efficacy. This paper assesses the processes and results of the stratified physiotherapy care pathways through a controlled randomized clinical study conducted in a community physiotherapy setting. This was a randomized clinical study conducted among adult human participants (n = 48) with clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal dysfunction, who were allocated to either non-stratified care or stratified physiotherapy pathways of low, moderate, and high intensity according to baseline functional severity. The effect on pain sensitivity, locomotor performance, and muscle strength was measured in six weeks of intervention. The statistical analysis showed that participants undergoing stratified physiotherapy treatment had significantly higher pain provocation threshold, better locomotor activity and stronger muscles than those undergoing non-stratified care (p < 0.001). Also, an intensity-related enhancement was realized, where high-intensity physiotherapy created the most significant functional recovery. These results are solid clinical indicators of stratified physiotherapy care pathways and strengthen their translational application to enhancing functional outcomes of communal physiotherapy services.
Stratified Care Pathways, Community Physiotherapy Services, Musculoskeletal Dysfunction, Human participants, Rehabilitation Outcomes.
Physiotherapy Interventions to Reduce Opioid Use After Orthopedic Surgery: A Controlled Cohort Study
The management of postoperative pain is still a significant concern in orthopedic surgery, especially given the pervasive use of opioid analgesics and the potential for dependency. In this study, patients undergoing orthopedic surgery had their pain outcomes and opioid usage reduced by structured physiotherapy sessions. The study compared a routine postoperative care program with an upgraded physiotherapy program over a 14-day period using a controlled cohort design with 60 participants. According to the findings, the intervention group's opioid use was dramatically reduced, and their pain scores decreased more quickly than those of the control group. These results demonstrate how effective physical therapy can be as a non-pharmacological, safe method of promoting recovery and lowering opioid dependence. The study emphasizes the significance of including physical therapy into postoperative pain management procedures in order to improve patient outcomes overall.
Physiotherapy, Opioid Reduction, Postoperative Pain, Orthopedic Surgery, Rehabilitation, Non-Pharmacological Intervention
Copyright (c) 2025 Current Research in Dental, Physiotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRDPPS)
Peer-Assisted Learning in Physiotherapy and Allied Health Courses: A Randomized Implementation Study
Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) has become a new pedagogic approach in the field of physiotherapy and allied health education, but there is still no objective experimental data on its effectiveness in the mastery of skills. This was a randomized implementation research that tested the effect of PAL on procedural accuracy, task performance and skill retention in a controlled Wistar rat model, which eliminated human variable. Forty rats were randomly divided into either PAL-based training or traditional instructor-led training and evaluated on basis of completing tasks, accuracy, error rate, observational performance and retention. Descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-tests showed that the PAL condition greatly outperformed the control condition in all the measures and displayed a faster task completion, higher procedural accuracy, reduced errors, and greater retention (p < 0.05). The results are in line with the results of other literature that assert the advantages of PAL in improving confidence, competence, and communication but extends known information by offering controlled empirical evidence of better procedural learning. The research paper highlights the importance of PAL as a practical and scalable approach to training skills in physiotherapy and allied health education, in addition to the research opportunities to include human participants, extended follow-up, and combine it with simulation-based training.
Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL), Physiotherapy Education, Allied Health Training, Skill Acquisition, Procedural Accuracy, Task Performance
Herbal Therapeutics as Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: Randomized Clinical Study
Effective therapeutic approaches are necessary to manage the progression of the disease and promote periodontal regeneration because chronic periodontitis is still a common inflammatory condition. In patients with chronic periodontitis, this study assessed the clinical efficacy of using herbal remedies in addition to scaling and root planning (SRP). Over the course of eight weeks, changes in the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated in a randomized clinical design with forty participants. The experimental group receiving herbal adjunct therapy showed significantly greater reductions across all clinical parameters, with statistically significant differences between groups, even though both groups improved after conventional SRP, according to the results. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities of herbal agents may improve periodontal healing, providing a biologically supportive, safe, and easily accessible supplement to conventional periodontal therapy. The study emphasizes the therapeutic potential of herbal formulations in enhancing periodontal outcomes and emphasizes the necessity of additional extensive, long-term research to confirm these advantages.
Chronic Periodontitis, Herbal Therapeutics, Scaling And Root Planning, Adjunct Therapy, Periodontal Healing, Randomized Clinical Study
Systematic Review of Herbal Interventions for Xerostomia (Dry Mouth): Clinical Outcomes and Recommendations
A common and upsetting syndrome that affects people with systemic disorders, polypharmacy, radiation exposure, and age-related salivary gland degeneration is xerostomia, or the subjective experience of dry mouth. As natural, safe, and possibly successful substitutes for traditional xerostomia treatments, herbal therapies have drawn more and more attention. The data from fifteen clinical studies and systematic reviews assessing herbal interventions—such as aloe vera, ginger, peppermint, tea catechins, manuka honey, Chinese herbal medicine, traditional Asian formulations, and combination plant therapies—is synthesized in this systematic review. According to the research, the majority of herbal treatments show clinically significant reductions in xerostomia symptoms, particularly in subjective dryness ratings. Objective salivary flow results, however, continue to differ between experiments. The strength of the available data is hampered by methodological flaws, formulation variation, small sample sizes, and a lack of long-term follow-up. Nevertheless, a number of therapies exhibit encouraging therapeutic potential, especially Asian herbal medications, tea catechin formulations, manuka honey washes, and preparations based on aloe vera. Large multicenter randomized trials, mechanistic evaluation, and standardized dose should be the main focus of future research. In general, when applied within evidence-based frameworks, herbal therapies may be helpful supplementary therapy for xerostomia.
Xerostomia, Herbal interventions, Dry mouth management, Natural therapeutics, Salivary gland function
Evaluation of Herbal Irrigants for Endodontic Disinfection: Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Comparisons
Endodontic disinfection is most effective with irrigants that are both biocompatible and highly antibacterial. In contrast to traditional agents, 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine, this study compared the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of three herbal irrigants: neem, aloe vera, and green tea extracts. To measure cytotoxicity, MTT tests were performed on L929 fibroblasts, and CFU reduction of Enterococcus faecalis was used to measure antibacterial activity, both in an in-vitro manner. Sodium hypochlorite had the highest cytotoxicity and the maximum antibacterial decrease, according to the results. Among the herbal irrigants, neem extract had the most potent antibacterial action, while aloe vera was the most biocompatible. Both the antibacterial and cytotoxic outcomes showed substantial intergroup differences, as validated by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. The results of this study indicate that herbal irrigants may be a safer option than traditional chemical solutions, and they call for additional clinical testing to confirm this.
Herbal irrigants, Endodontic disinfection, Cytotoxicity, Sodium hypochlorite, Neem extract, Enterococcus faecalis.
Efficacy of Dry Needling Vs. Trigger-Point Physiotherapy for Chronic Myofascial Pain: Randomized Trial Protocol
Chronic myofascial pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that frequently needs focused therapeutic approaches to be effectively managed. This study used a randomized controlled trial design to examine the effectiveness of trigger-point physiotherapy and dry needling for those with upper trapezius myofascial pain. Forty participants completed a 4-week treatment procedure and were divided into two groups: one for trigger-point therapy and the other for dry needling. Functional disability, pressure pain threshold, and pain severity were among the outcome measures. Both groups improved significantly, but the dry needling group showed bigger increases in pressure pain threshold and larger decreases in pain and impairment. According to the results, dry needling offers greater clinical advantages than manual trigger-point therapy and is a more successful method for treating persistent myofascial pain.
Dry needling, Myofascial pain, Trigger-point physiotherapy, Randomized trial, Pain management, Physiotherapy intervention
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal Mouthwash Formulations Versus Chlorhexidine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Studies comparing the antibacterial efficacy of herbal mouthwashes with that of traditional chemical formulations have been stimulated by the increasing interest in natural alternatives to conventional oral hygiene products. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare two herbal mouthwash formulations with 0.12% chlorhexidine in terms of their antibacterial efficacy. The participants in the trial were 60 healthy individuals. Plaque samples were tested for microbial colony-forming units (CFUs) before and after the intervention. The findings indicated a notable decrease in microbes in all groups (p < 0.001), with chlorhexidine showing the highest effectiveness, followed by Herbal Mouthwash A and Herbal Mouthwash B. Tukey HSD, analysis of variance, and paired t-tests all showed statistically significant differences between the formulations. Herbal mouthwashes do have antibacterial activity, but chlorhexidine is still better, according to the results. However, some herbal mixtures could be good alternatives.
Herbal mouthwash, chlorhexidine, antimicrobial efficacy, randomized controlled trial, colony-forming units, oral hygiene
The Investigation of Bacteria and Microbes that Generate Enzymes that have been Responsible for Biodegradation of Polyethylene
Producing and using renewable resources with no net carbon emissions is an ideal goal for a sustainable society. Much academic and commercial interest has been focused on carbon materials due to their potential uses in CO2 usage, renewable energy storage as well as conversion, and biomedicine. Yet, there are problems with energy consumption and pollution in the production of certain novel carbon compounds. Thus, sustainable carbon element preparation processes need to be developed that are cheap, scalable, industrially appealing, and commercially viable. Here, sustainability is shown through the production of carbon compounds from biomass and its byproducts. This brief study provides an overview of recent developments in the synthetic approach of sustainable carbon compounds and their potential applications. Sustainable carbon materials are discussed extensively, with a focus on the original aims and numerous sustainable ways for their production. This survey offers fundamental understanding and substantial guidance for developing sustainable carbon compounds for use in new catalytic and medicinal applications. The extraordinary versatility of nanostructured carbon materials makes them ideal for catalytic and biological applications. To overcome present obstacles on the path to a carbon-neutral society, it is essential to sustainably synthesize next-generation nanostructured carbon materials. This article summarizes the latest research on nanostructured carbon materials including their potential uses in catalysis and medicine.
Biodegradable, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Immunology, Industrial microbiology, Sustainable
The Advanced Carbon Materials offering Utilization, Which Would be both sustainable and currently on the emergence
Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials, Chemical Component, Sustainable Carbon Materials, Synthesize Next-Generation Nanostructured
Serum Biomarkers and Endothelial Dysfunction as Early Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multi-Biomarker Meta-Analysis and Clinical Translation Framework
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), often manifesting before progression to end-stage renal disease. Traditional risk markers such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria offer limited predictive capacity for early cardiovascular events in CKD patients. Objective: This study investigates the predictive value of emerging serum biomarkers namely asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), cystatin C, fetuin-A, and matrix Gla protein (MGP) in improving cardiovascular risk stratifycation in CKD populations. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, pooling hazard ratios for biomarker associations with cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, machine learning models (Random Forest and Logistic Regression) were developed using biomarker and clinical data to classify patients into cardiovascular risk categories. The best-performing model informed the creation of the CKD-CV Early Risk Score (CERS). Results: All four biomarkers showed significant associations with cardiovascular risk, with ADMA and cystatin C emerging as the strongest predictors. The Random Forest model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88, outperforming logistic regression. The resulting CERS effectively stratified patients into low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, offering a practical tool for early clinical intervention. Conclusion: Integrating novel serum biomarkers into clinical models enhances early cardiovascular risk prediction in CKD. The proposed CERS framework supports a shift from reactive to preventive care, enabling timely, personalized interventions. Future directions include incorporation of genomics, real-time biosensing, and prospective trials to validate clinical utility.
Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, biomarkers, ADMA, cystatin C, fetuin-A, MGP, machine learning, risk prediction, endothelial dysfunction
Neuronal Lipophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets
Neuronal lipophagya specialized form of autophagy targeting lipid droplets for lysosomal degradationhas emerged as a critical regulator of lipid metabolism, redox balance, and mitochondrial function in the central nervous system (CNS). This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms governing neuronal lipophagy and its dual role in the pathogenesis and protection against major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Impaired lipophagic flux has been implicated in lipid droplet accumulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while excessive activation may lead to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. We examine key regulatory pathwayssuch as TFEB, Rab proteins, LAMP2A, and FOXO transcription factorsand their disease-specific disruptions. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies including pharmacological agents (resveratrol, metformin, trehalose), gene editing, miRNA modulation, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Lifestyle interventions like intermittent fasting, ketogenic diets, and exercise are also evaluated for their capacity to induce neuroprotective lipophagy. Finally, we highlight future directions involving single-cell omics, biomarker discovery, and combinatorial therapies aimed at translating lipophagy modulation into clinical neurotherapeutics. Understanding and harnessing neuronal lipophagy offers a promising frontier for combating the rising burden of neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuronal lipophagy, neurodegenerative diseases, lipid metabolism, autophagy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, TFEB, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, nanotherapy, lifestyle interventions, omics, CNS biomarkers.
The Role of Teledentistry in Improving Access to Oral Healthcare in Rural Areas
In this research, the accuracy of diagnosis in remote veterinarian dental examinations is compared with routine procedures in order to examine the efficiency of teledentistry in rural veterinary practices based on the animal models, which are Wistar rats. In an experimental study, diagnostic outcomes were quantified and the capability of teledentistry in delivering quality assessments at distant resource-limited regions was demonstrated. The findings reveal that even if the teledentistry managed to attain diagnostic accuracy similar to the traditional approach, issues of image quality and extended turnaround times were noted. This research adds to the body of evidence available on remote veterinary healthcare, highlighting the necessity of advancement in technology as well as additional research in aiding the enhancement of teledentistry for rural veterinary practice.
Teledentistry, rural veterinary care, animal models, diagnostic accuracy, Wistar rats, remote veterinary assessments, low-resource settings, veterinary dental evaluations, experimental study, telemedicine.
The Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Physiotherapy on Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes
The efficacy of the physiotherapy treatment (VR-based method) was evaluated as compared to conventional physiotherapy practices for the rehabilitation of the patients after a stroke. The quasi-experimental design was used with 40 stroke patients (20 VR group and the remaining 20 control group) who received six-week daily therapy. The primary outcome measures included were motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FMA), balance (Berg Balance Scale, BBS) and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). According to the results, VR group improved significantly in motor function (35.7% vs 17.1%), balance (37.5% vs 20.6%), and cognitive function (16.2% vs 7.8%) in comparison with the control group. Further, the VR group also showed a higher level of patient satisfaction, 4.6 in overall satisfaction, 4.8 in enjoyment, 4.7 in desiring to continue therapy. These results suggest that physiotherapy using VR has better outcomes in motor, balance and cognitive rehabilitation as well as improved patient participation in this process which means that VR can be a promising option for rehabilitation of stroke victims. The need to explore the long-term results and cost-benefit of VR interventions in multiple clinical environments is heretowhile promoted.
Virtual reality, physiotherapy, stroke rehabilitation, motor function, balance, cognitive function, patient satisfaction, rehabilitation outcomes, VR therapy
Formulation and Optimisation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films: A Pharmacokinetic Study in Rabbit Models
Mucoadhesive buccal films have now become a favorable substitute for conventional oral drug administration by facilitating direct systemic absorption, avoiding hepatic first-pass effect, and maximizing bioavailability. The present research was carried out to develop, optimize, and characterize mucoadhesive buccal films through a 3² factorial design by employing different concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and PEG-400. The films were developed by using the solvent casting technique and tested for major physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, surface pH, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formula (F5) exhibited outstanding physicochemical properties and controlled drug release (94.6% at 8 hours). Pharmacokinetic assessment was carried out in six healthy New Zealand white rabbits with comparison between buccal film and conventional oral tablet. The buccal film showed better pharmacokinetic behavior with much higher Cmax (285.4 ng/mL), lower Tmax (1.5 h), larger AUC₀–₁₂ (1980.6 ng·h/mL), and longer half-life (4.8 h) than the oral tablet. Statistical evaluation by independent t-tests also revealed significant enhancements in systemic bioavailability and onset of action. These results indicate that the optimized mucoadhesive buccal film is a good drug delivery system for therapeutic improvement.
Mucoadhesive buccal film, 3² factorial design, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, systemic drug delivery, Metoprolol tartrate, rabbit model
Effectiveness of Core Stabilization Exercises in Reducing Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Control Trial
This randomised control study was aimed at determining whether core stabilisation exercises were superior than conventional physiotherapy for alleviation of CLBP. Sixty non-specific CLBP volunteers (aged 25-50) were randomised to undergo core stabilisation exercises (experimental group) and conventional physiotherapy (control group), for 6 weeks intervention. We used Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to grade the intensity of pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to grade functional disability. The experimental group showed significant improvement in impairment and pain post intervention as indicated by VAS rating and ODI score improvement of 57.35% and 45.76% respectively as compared to control group improvement of 28.36% and 23.38% respectively. There was also more satisfaction among participants in the experimental group. The outcome is in line with the actual medical practice, as the basic principles of core stabilisation exercises prescribed as the main therapy option are found to provide better results than standard physiotherapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain and improvement of functions.
Chronic low back pain, Core stabilization exercises, Physiotherapy, Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, Randomized controlled trial, Functional disability, Pain management
Comparative Analysis of The Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal and Conventional Mouthwashes on Oral Microflora
This review provides a detailed view of the mechanics of biological evolution, which encompasses genetic drift, natural selection, and mutations, and how these mechanisms interactively sculpt genetic variety and species adaptation. Mutations constitute the chief source of genetic variation and introduce new alleles that either increase, decrease, or have no net effect on an organism's fitness. As a strong filter, natural selection increases the frequency of advantageous traits that enhance reproduction and survival while lowering the frequency of detrimental traits in populations. Due to genetic drift, allele frequencies become random and are especially crucial in small or isolated populations, leading to the potential fixation or loss of characteristics, regardless of their adaptive value, which reduces overall genetic diversity. This review will examine case examples such as Darwin's finches, peppered moths, and cheetah genetic bottlenecks to illustrate these systems' dynamic interaction and crucial importance in propelling evolutionary change. It places an emphasis on the importance of genetic diversity in aiding populations to adapt to environmental changes while preserving long-term viability. This research emphasizes the need for targeted conservation efforts, like population density regulation to reduce the effects of genetic drift, natural selection-sustaining habitat preservation, and building resilience in biodiversity. These results are, therefore, crucial to the support and promotion of integrating evolutionary principles into conservation planning and policy formulation, as well as to address pressing global concerns like the management of species, climate change adaptation, and ecosystem sustainability.
Biological Evolution, Mutation, Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Genetic Diversity, Species Adaptation, Conservation Planning, Policy-Making, Ecosystem Management.